THE PRINCIPLES OF THE DIRECT METHOD (RICHARDS & RODGERS-1986)

1. Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language
2. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences were taught
3. Oral communication skills were built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes
4. Grammar was taught inductively
5. New teaching points were taught through modeling and practice
6. Concrete vocabulary was taught through demonstartion, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary was taught by association of ideas
7. Both speech and listening comprehension were taught
8. Correct pronunciation and grammar were emphasized